纳米纤维素的疏水改性及应用研究进展

纳米纤维素作为一种性能优越的可再生纳米材料，应用前景极为广阔。然而，由于纳米纤维素结构上富含羟基，使其具有极强的亲水性，严重影响了纳米纤维素的疏水性能，并且在一定程度上限制了其在复合材料领域的应用。综述了纳米纤维素疏水改性的研究进展，从物理吸附、表面化学修饰（甲硅烷化、烷酰化、酯化等）、聚合物接枝共聚3个方面简述了目前应用较为广泛的疏水化改性方法，并对疏水纳米纤维素在包装材料、造纸、水净化等方面的应用现状进行了总结。最后对疏水改性纳米纤维素的未来发展进行了展望，旨在为疏水纳米纤维素的研究和应用提供参考。     

不同类型油墨碱法脱墨性能的研究

对采用不同类型油墨印刷的新闻纸、胶版纸和铜版纸的脱墨性能进行了初步研究,同时评价了不同类型脱墨剂对新闻纸脱墨效果的影响。实验结果表明,在常规的碱法浮选脱墨工艺中,油基油墨的脱墨效果最好,水性光固化油墨次之,水性柔性版油墨脱除率最低;3种不同类型的脱墨剂中,BH脱墨剂的脱墨效果最好。     

三元助留体系对高得率浆助留助滤性能的研究

研究了阳离子瓜尔胶单元、二元、三元助留助滤体系在高得率浆抄造上的应用.并考察了PAC用量、电导率、pH值对PAC-阳离子瓜尔胶一膨润土三元体系对高得率浆助留助滤性能的影响.结果表明,三元体系较单元和二元体系对高得率浆具有更好的助留助滤作用,当PAC用量为1%,阳离子瓜尔胶用量为O.3%,膨润土加入量1%时,三元体系对高得率浆的留着率达到93.6%、滤水时间可达15s.     

Effects of process and source on elastic modulus of single cellulose fibrils evaluated by atomic force microscopy

A test method to measure cellulose fibril elastic modulus using atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the effects of process and source on the moduli of single cellulose fibrils. The cellulose fibrils were generated from cellulose by mechanical treatments. Individual fibrils were suspended over a micro scale groove etched on a silicon wafer. A nano-scale three-point bending test was performed to obtain the elastic moduli. The results indicated that the elastic moduli of cellulose fibrils were not significantly different between 30 min and 60 min of high intensity ultrasonic treatment for Lyocell fiber, between isolation methods of ultrasonic and homogenizer treatment for pure cellulose fiber, and between different cellulose sources of pulp fibers treated by homogenizer regardless the effects of sample size coupled with inherent variation in the raw material. The elastic modulus of Lyocell fibrils with diameters from 150 to 180 nm was evaluated to be 98 ± 6 GPa. Modulus values decreased dramatically when the diameter was more than 180 nm.     

纤维孔隙率的测量及密度法测量的纤维素含量

利用纤维体积密度和氦比重方法测量纤维素密度、绝对密度、体积密度和孔隙率，进而准确地计算出纤维素的含量。     

阳离子淀粉固载β-环糊精用于废水处理

研究了阳离子淀粉(CS)固载β-环糊精(β-CD)及产物在含微量芳香小分子废水处理中的初步应用。结果表明,提高β-CD与CS的质量比,产物中β-CD固载量逐渐增加,而阳离子取代度和产率均显著下降;当β-CD与CS质量比达到2:1时,β-CD固载量趋于平稳。阳离子取代度越低,对废水中细小粒子的絮凝效果越差;β-CD的固载量越高,对水中微量的芳香类有机小分子的去除效果越好。对于β-CD固载量大于70%的CS-βCD,当添加的质量浓度为120mg/L时,芳香类有机小分子的去除率均在80%以上。     

白腐菌Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理对杨木SCMP性能的影响

研究了白腐菌Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理对磺化化学机械浆（SCMP）性能的影响。结果表明：Lg-9粗酶液预处理可改善SCMP的打浆性能,降低打浆能量消耗,预处理后打浆的纤维平均长度增大,细小组分含量降低,宽度稍有增大。Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理可提高SCMP白度,改善强度。Trametes sp. Lg-9粗酶液预处理的漂后浆纤维平均长度较长,细小组分含量较少,粗酶液用量大于8IU/g浆时,随着粗酶液用量的增大,纤维平均长度有所降低,细小组分含量有所提高。     

Ion conductivities and interfacial characteristics of the plasticized polymer electrolytes based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate)

The plasticized polymer electrolytes composed of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate), lithium perchlorate, and ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer, were newly prepared. The ion conductivities of the plasticized polymer electrolytes based on the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate) were found to be dependent on the ion content of the ionomer, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-Li maleate), in the polymer electrolyte, and the polymer electrolyte based on the ionomer with 8.5 mol% ion content showed the maximum ion conductivity.The interfacial resistance at the polymer electrolyte/lithium interface and the cationic transference number were also investigated as a function of the ion content of the ionomer in the polymer electrolyte. The interfacial resistances as well as the cationic transference numbers of the polymer electrolytes were found to be also dependent on the ion content of the ionomer in the polymer electrolyte. Ion aggregations in the ionomer seemed to significantly influence the electrochemical behavior of the polymer electrolytes based on the ionomer.     

高得率浆中DCS的性质及其对填料留着的影响

研究了不同白度高得率浆中溶解和胶体物质（DCS）的性质及其对填料留着的影响，并通过使用阴离子垃圾捕集剂来消除DCS的负面影响。结果表明，高得率浆的白度越高，浆料中所含的DCS越多；在多组分助留系统中采用阴离子垃圾捕集剂，特别是高分子质量的聚乙烯亚胺，能够有效消除DCS的不利影响。     

纤维素酶酶解苇浆纤维微观结构和结晶结构的变化

采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜对在纤维素酶解进程中苇浆纤维素大分子的结构及纤维形态的变化进行了研究.研究结果表明,纤维素酶酶解进程中,纤维素大分子的晶型没有改变,但结晶度呈现周期性变化,微晶尺寸略有降低.在酶解初期,纤维素酶不仅作用于纤维素无定形区,也开始作用在纤维素结晶区表面;在酶解中、后期,纤维素酶对纤维素结晶区和无定形区的作用呈现周期性变化.纤维素酶解过程中纤维表面呈现周期性"剥皮"现象,并且在纤维表面出现孔洞和沟槽,在孔洞处纤维易断裂,导致纤维长度和粗度的降低.